Enhancing CO2 Electrolysis Performance with Vanadium-Doped Perovskite Cathode in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell

Prof. Xinhe Bao and Prof. Guoxiong Wang's research team has recently made research progress in high-temperature electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂. The results are published in Nano Energy (Nano Energy).

High-temperature CO₂ electrolysis using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) is capable of reducing CO₂ and water to syngas, hydrocarbon fuel at the cathode, and producing pure oxygen at the anode. SOECs have the advantages of possessing solid and modular structure, high energy efficiency and low cost. Therefore, SOECs have potential applications in CO₂ conversion and surplus sustainable electricity storage. Conventional SOECs using Ni-YSZ cathode have demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance in CO₂ electrolysis. However, the electrocatalytic performance of the Ni-YSZ cathode diminishes with time on stream due to carbon deposition and coarsening of Ni at high temperature in CO₂ atmosphere. The research and development of novel perovskite or fluorite oxides as cathode materials to achieve efficient and stable CO₂ electrolysis is a hot topic of SOECs in recent years.

In this work, the researchers investigated the nanocomposites of La_0.5Sr_0.5Fe_1-xV_xO_3-δ (LSFV_x, x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) with Ce_0.8Gd_0.2O_1.9 (LSFV_x/GDC) as cathode materials for pure CO₂ electrolysis in SOEC. A higher valence V⁵⁺ is selected as the dopant for partial substitution of Fe³⁺ in La_0.5Sr_0.5FeO_3-δ to tailor its oxygen vacancies and electronic structures. The introduction of vanadium promotes the formation of oxygen deficiencies in LSFV_x/GDC, and alters the electronic structure of Fe, thus greatly enhances CO₂ adsorption and dissociation. The LSFV_0.05/GDC possesses the highest oxygen vacancy concentration at 800°C as well as the highest CO₂ adsorption and dissociation ability. The highest current density of 0.62 A cm^-2 could be achieved over the LSFV_0.05/GDC cathode at 1.6 V, which is about 51.2% increase compared with that over the LSF/GDC cathode. This study regulates oxygen vacancy concentration and CO2 activation/adsorption ability of SOEC cathode materials via doping metal element, which provides a new strategy to improve the performance of electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction at the SOEC cathode.

This work was financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key R&D Program of China, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics and Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. (By Yingjie Zhou and Zhiwen Zhou)